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a x _ <br />1. Cisterns and covered ponds <br />a) Advantages <br />-Water may be used for fire protection, <br />watering lawns, industrial processes, <br />cooling purposes. <br />Reduce runoff while occupying only a <br />small area. <br />-Land or space above cistern may be used <br />for other purposes. <br />b) Disadvantages <br />-Expensive to install. <br />-Requires slight maintenance. <br />c) Applicability <br />Applies best to runoff from rooftops. Run- <br />' off from parking lots contains too much sedi- <br />ment which requires additional maintenance. <br />Applies best to small drainage areas because <br />the cost may be restrictive if the cistern <br />must accept water from a large drainage area. <br />2. Surface pond storage <br />a) Advantages <br />-Can control large drainage areas. <br />-Esthetically pleasing. <br />-Possible recreation benefits such as boating, <br />ice skating, fishing, swimming. (Depends on <br />size. In this watershed a pond probably would <br />only be large enough for ice skating.) <br />-Aquatic life habitat. <br />-Increases land value of adjoining property. <br />b) Disadvantages <br />-Usually requires relatively large land areas. <br />-Possilbe pollution from storm water and silta- <br />tion (will require maintenance). <br />-Possible mosquito breeding areas. <br />-May have algal blooms. <br />-Possible drowning. <br />-Maintenance problems. <br />c) Applicability <br />Sizes of ponding areas can vary from a large <br />structure or excavated pits containing thousands <br />of gallons of water to shallow depressions that <br />contain relatively small amounts of water for <br />only very short tines before it evaporates or <br />infiltrates into the soil. <br />