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<br />Descriptive Terminology <br /> <br />~ ~l~ Designation 0 2487 - 83 <br /> <br />Standard Test Method for <br />CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES <br /> <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />CRITERIA. fOR ASSIGNING GROUP SYMBOLS AND <br />GROUP NAMES USING LABORATORY TESTS a <br /> <br />SOIL ClAS$lf ICATlQN <br />~OUP <br />SYMBOL GROUP NAME b <br /> <br />~ 0 <br />~e <br />;h <br />z - <br />~ ~ g <br />~""N <br />~;~ <br />tQ~ <br />~ . <br />o c <br />U 0 <br />E <br /> <br />GRAVELS <br />!>'ore than 50% of <br />coarse frilct ion <br />retained on <br />No. 4 sieve <br /> <br />les;L~~:n G~~Vi~~es c I Cu > 4 and 1 iCe i 3 e <br />Cu < 4 and/or 1 > Cc > 3 e <br /> <br />fines classifv as ML or MH" <br />fines classify as Cl or CH <br /> <br />Well~graded gravel ( <br /> <br />Poorly graded gravel f <br /> <br />Siltv oravel f,9.h <br />Clayey gravel f.9.h <br />Well-graded sand i <br /> <br />Poorly graded sand 1 <br /> <br />Si ltv sand 9.h. i <br />Clayey sand 9th,; <br />Lean clay k,l,m <br /> <br />GW <br /> <br />GP <br /> <br />G!AVElS WITH FINES <br />i More than 12% fines C <br /> <br />SANDS I CLEAN SANDS Cu ) 6 and 1 i Cc < 3 e <br />50% or more of _ jless than 5% fines d <br />coarse fractIon i Cu < 6 and/or 1 ) Cc ) 3 e <br />~f~~~S No.4 I SANDS WITH FINES Fines classifv as Ml or MH <br />Il-tJre than 12'; fines d fines classify as Cl or CH <br /> <br />! , PI ,,~./ I ~~~ ~lots on or above <br />SILTS AND CLAYS I 1norganic __ <br />liquid limit I PI < 4 or plots below "A" hne j <br />less than 50% <br /> <br />I o'ganic liquid limit - oven dried < 0 75 <br />llqU1d 11m1t ~ not dr1ed . <br /> <br />GM <br />GC <br />SW <br /> <br />SP <br /> <br />SM <br />SC <br />Cl <br /> <br />Ml <br /> <br />Silt k,l,m <br /> <br />~ <br />~ <br />~ <br /> <br />Organic clay k, 1, m, n <br />Organic silt k, 1, m, 0 <br /> <br />Ol <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />! <br />SILTS AND CLAYS <br /> <br />CH <br /> <br />Fat clay k,l,m <br /> <br />PI plots on or above "A" line <br /> <br />Liquid limit <br />SOl or more <br /> <br />inorgilnic <br /> <br />MH <br /> <br />[Jastic sill k,l,m <br /> <br />PI plots below "A" 1 ine <br /> <br />organic <br /> <br />t~Q~:~ ~~~~~ : ~~rnd~~~~d < 0.75 <br /> <br />Organic clay k, 1, m, p <br />OrQanic silt k, 1, m, q <br />Peat <br /> <br />Highly organic soils <br /> <br />Primarily organic matter, dark in color, and <br />org<ln ic odor <br /> <br />OH <br />PT <br /> <br />a. Based on the material passing the 3-in (7S-1Tfll) sieve. <br />b. If field sample contained cobbles and/or boulders, add "with cobbles iJnd/or boulders" to group nilTle. <br />c. Gravels with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols <br />GW-GM well graded gravel with silt <br />GW-GC well graded gravel with clay <br />GP-GM poorly graded gravel with silt <br /> <br />d. sa~~~G;i thosr ~~ 1~id~1 n~~a;:~u7~;hd~~ ~y S)1llbO 1 s <br />SW-SM well graded sand with sill <br />SW-SC well graded sand with clay <br />SP.SM poorly graded sand with si It <br />SP.SC poorly graded sand with clay <br />C _ (030)2 <br />Cu = 060/010 c - ~ <br />f. If soil contains> 15'; sand, add "with sand" to group niWlle. <br />g. If fines Classify-as Cl-Ml, use dual symbol GC-GM, SC-$M. <br />h. If fines are organic, add "with organic fines" to group nilTle. <br />i. If soil contdins ~ 15% gravel, add "with gravel" to group name. <br />j. If Atterberg limits plot in hatched area, soil is a Cl--Ml, silty clay. <br />k. If soil contains 15't0291 plus No. 200, add "with sand" or "with gravel" lOtlichever is predexnindnt. <br />1. If soil contains> 30% plus No. 200, predCl'llinantly sand. add "sandy" to group n<<lle. <br />m. If soil contains)" 301 plus No. ?OO, predOOlinantly gravel, add "gravelly" to group name. <br />n. PI > 4 and plots on or above "A" line. <br />o. PI '( 4 or plots below "A" line. <br />p. PI plots on or above "A" line. <br />q. PI plots below "A" 1 ine. <br /> <br />60 <br /> <br /> <br />H 50 <br />a.. <br />X <br />IJJ <br />o 40 <br />Z <br /> <br />For clasSlflcatron of flne-grolned SOII~ <br />and flne-grOlned fract Ion of coarse-gramed <br />~ <br />tQuotronof "A--Ilne <br />HOrlzontol ot PI=4 to ll~25 5. <br />then PI=O.73 ill-201 <br /> <br />EquatIon of"U"-lrne <br />Vertlcol ot II = 16 to PI=7 <br />then PI = 09 ill-S) <br /> <br />~ <br />f- <br /> <br />U <br />f- <br />Ul <br />< 20 <br />..J <br />"a.. <br /> <br />30 <br /> <br />MH OR OH <br /> <br />10 <br />7 -- <br />4-- <br /> <br />c <br /> <br />00 <br /> <br />I <br />16 20 <br /> <br />100 <br /> <br />10 <br /> <br />30 <br /> <br />40 50 60 70 <br />LIQUID LIMIT (LL) <br /> <br />80 <br /> <br />90 <br /> <br />LABORATORY TESTS <br /> <br />DO Dry Density, pcf <br />WD Wet Density, pcf <br />MC Natural Moisture Content, % <br />LL Liquid Limit, % <br />PL Plastic Limit, % <br />PI Plasticity Index, % <br /> <br />OC <br />S <br />SG <br />C <br />(Zl <br />qu <br /> <br />Organic Content, % <br />Percent of Saturation. % <br />SpecifiC Gravity <br />Cohesion <br />Angle of Internal Friction <br />Unconfined Compressive Strength <br /> <br />PARTICLE SIZE IDENTIFICATION <br /> <br />Boulders <br />Cobbles <br />Gravel <br />Coarse. , . . . . . , . . , . . . <br />Fine........, . <br />Sand <br /> <br />Coarse , . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . <br />Medium ,....,.,.......,..".,.,.. <br />R~................,....."...... <br />Silt. ......... ... ,. """"""""" <br />Clay........".....,.,.,..."..... . <br /> <br />over 12" <br />3'" to 12' <br /> <br />3/,,"-3" <br />No.4 - +:," <br /> <br />NO.4 - No 10 <br />No. 10 - No 40 <br />No. 40 - No 200 <br />No. 200 - .005 mm <br />less than .005 mm <br /> <br />RELATIVE DENSITY OF <br />COHESIONLESS SOILS <br /> <br />very loose ............,.,..."..,...........,. 0 -- 4 BPF <br /> <br />loose.. .. .. .., .. ... . ,. , .. . .... , . " , .... , .. ." . 5 - 10 BPF <br />medium dense """"""""""""""'" 11 - 30 BPF <br /> <br />dense. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . 31 - 50 BPF <br />very dense. . . . , . . . . . . , . , . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . , , , . . 50+ BPF <br /> <br />CONSISTENCY OF COHESIVE SOILS <br /> <br />very soft. . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .0 - 1 BPF <br /> <br />soft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . 2 - 3 BPF <br />rather soft ....,............................... 4 - 5 BPF <br /> <br />medium. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 8 BPF <br />rather stiff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . 9 - 12 B PF <br /> <br />stiff...........,.....,......,................ 13 - 16 BPF <br />very stiff.. ..... .. .. .. ... .... ....... ...... .... 17 - 30 BPF <br /> <br />hard .......................,......,..,..,....... 30+ BPF <br /> <br />DRILLING NOTES <br /> <br />110 <br /> <br />Standard penetration test borings were advanced by 3'/," or 6'.," <br />1.0, hollow-stem augers unless noted otherwise. Jetting water was <br />used to clean out auger prior to sampling only where indicated on <br />logs. Standard penetration test borings are designated by the <br />prefix "ST" (Split Tube). <br /> <br />Power auger borings were advanced by 4" or 6" diameter. <br />continuous-flite, solid stem augers. Soil classification and strilin <br />depths are inferred from disturbed samples augered to the surface <br />and are therefore somewhat approximate. Power auger borings <br />are designated by the prefix "B". <br /> <br />Hand probings were advanced manually with a 1 '.,." diamelW <br />probe and are limited to the depth from which the probe Ciln be <br />manually withdrawn. Hand probings are indicated by tlw pref" <br />"H". <br /> <br />SAMPLING - All samples are taken with the standard 2" 0 D <br />split tube sampler, except where noted. TW indicates thin-Willi <br />(undisturbed) sample. <br /> <br />BPF - Numbers indicate blows per foot recorded in slanda,(1 <br />penetration test. also known as "N" value. The sampler is set 6 <br />into undisturbed soil below the hollow-stem auger. Dnvu1q <br />resistances are then counted for second and third 6" increments <br />and added to get BPF. Where they differ significantly, they are <br />reported in the following form -. 2/12 for the second and third 6" <br />increments respectively. <br /> <br />WH - WH indicates that sampler penetrated soil under weiCjil! (II <br />hammer and rods alone. driVing not required. <br /> <br />NOTE - All tests run in accordance with applicable AST1v1 <br />standards. <br /> <br />lUMunl <br />