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I I AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND 1\104. TERIALS I 1916 Race SI.. Philadelphia. Pa. 19103 Rt"r(J~1fcJ -rn,m \.~, .pql"h~t'J l'i('~, i'dO;": 'If .-\5 r~1 S(;mJ.ud'i, ~'..rr Standardi1,1ethod for PENETRATION TEST Ai"\J"D SPLIT-BARREL SAi\1PLING OF SOILSl I I G I ASTM Designation: D 1586 - 67 This Standard of the American Society for Testing and Materials is issued under the fixed designation D 1586; the number immediately following the designa- tion indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa.\'entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. I I 1. Scope L1 This method describes a procedure for using a split-barrel sampler to obtain representative samples of soil for identifi- cation purposes and other laboratory tests, and to obtain a measure of the resistance of the soil to penetration of the sampler. 2. Apparatus 2.1 Drilling Equipment-'Any drilling equipment shall be acceptable that pro- vides a reaSonably . clean hole before insertion of the sampler to ensure that the penetration test is performed ou un- disturbed soil, and that will permit the driving of the sampler to obtain the sample and penetration record in ac- cordance with the procedure described in 3. Procedure. To avoid "whips" under the blows of the hammer, it is recom- mended that the drill rod have a stiffness equal to or greater than the A-rod. An "A" rod is a hollow drill rod or "steel" having an outside diameter of Ii in. or 41.2 mm and an inside diameter of Ii in. or 28.5 mm, through which the rotary motion of drilling is transferred I I I I I I I I 1 Under the standardization procedure of the Society, this method is under tbe jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D-1S on Soil and Rock ror EnRineering Purposes. A list of members IDav be round in the AST~I Year Book. Current edition accepted Oct. 20, 1961. Originally issued 1958. Replaces D 1586 - 64 T. 2 I1vorslev, M. J., Surfru;e Exploration and Sampli",! of ~oi13 for Civil ETI(IineeriTlfl Purposes. The Engmeenng Foundation. 345 East 47th St.. New York, N. Y. 10017, I I I from the drilling motor to the cutting bit. A stiffer drill rod is suggested for holes deeper than 50 ft (15 m). The hole shall be limited in diameter to between 2t and 6 in. (5i.2 and 152 mm).2 2.2 Split-Barrel Sampler-The sam- pler shall be constructed with the dimen- sions indicated in Fig. 1. The drive shoe shall be of hardened steel and shall be replaced or repaired when it becomes dented or distorted. The coupling head shall have four i-in, (12.i-mm) (mini- mum diameter) vent ports and shall contain a ball check valve. If sizes other than the 2-in. (50.8-mm) sampler are permitted, the size shall be conspicuously noted on all penetration records. 2.3 Drive Weight Assembly- The as- sembly shall consist of a 140-lb (63.5-kg) weight, a driving head, and a guide permitting a free fall of 30in. (0.i6 m). Special precautions shall be taken to ensure that the energy of the falling weight is not reduced bv friction be- tween the drive weight and the guides. 2.4 Accessory Equipment - Labels, data sheets, sample jars, paraffin, and other necessary supplies should accom- pany the sampling equipment. 3. Procedure 3.1 Clear out the hole to sampling elevation using equipment that wi!! en- sure that the material to be sampled is not disturbed by the operation. In sat- urated sands and silts withdraw the drill bit slowly to prevent loosening of the soil around the hole. )Iaintain the water 1 level in the hole at or above ground water level. 3,2 In no case shall a bottom-dis- charge bit be permitted. (Side-discharge bits are permissible.) The process of jetting through an open-tube sampler and then sampling when the desired depth is reached shall not be permitted. Where casing is used, it. may not be driven below sampling elevation. Record any loss of circulation or excess pressure in drilling fluid during advancing of holes. 3,3 With the sampler resting on the . bottom of the hole, drive the sampler with blows from the 140-lb (63.S-kg) hammer falling 30 in. (O,i6 m) until either 18 in. (0.45 m) have been pene- trated or 100 blows have been applied. 3.4 Repeat this operation at intervals not longer than 5 ft (1.5 m) in homogene- ous strata and at every change of strata. 3.5 Record the number of blows re- quired to effect each 6 in. (0.15 m) of penetration or fractions thereof. The first 6 in. (0.15 m) is considered to be a seating drive. The number of blows re- quired for the second and third 6 in. (0.15 m) of penetration added is termed the penetration resistance, N. If the sampler is driven less than 18 in. (0,45 m), the penetration resistance is that for the last 1 ft (0.30 m) of penetration (if less than 1 ft (0.30 m) is penetrated, the logs shall state the number of blows and the iraction of 1 it (0.30 m) penetrated). 3.6 Bring the sampler to the surface and open. Describe carefully typical