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I we can get some baseline data:' <br />Mr. Michael Berkow, Director, Coast <br />Guard Investigative Service: "I realize <br />the love of and need for research, but <br />we are under a lot of pressure—if you <br />have a task force—to use BWCs , , , You <br />need to come out with best practices <br />for practitioners as soon as possible. <br />For example, what is the definition of <br />a complaint, or how quickly should we <br />release a video?" <br />IDr. Cynthia Lum: "Accountability <br />infrastructure is not necessarily <br />strengthened through BWCs. It doesn't <br />fix the broader structures in the agency" <br />Dr. Sean Goodison, Deputy Director and <br />Senior Research Criminologist, Police <br />Executive Research Forum <br />Dr. Daniel Lawrence, Principal Research <br />Associate, Urban Institute <br />Kalani Johnson, Project Associate, <br />National Police Foundation <br />INTRODUCTION <br />In 2015, Arnold Ventures funded three <br />randomized controlled trials on BWCs <br />with the Police Executive Research Forum <br />(PERF), Urban Institute, and NPF to <br />examine victims' reactions to, awareness <br />of, and perceptions of their local BWC <br />programs. All three studies found that <br />camera programs are not enough to <br />improve perceptions of procedural justice. <br />Further, there needs to be more work to <br />raise awareness and to set expectations <br />about camera programs to community <br />members. <br />A SUMMARY OF THE <br />RESEARCH STUDIES <br />CONDUCTED AND THEIR <br />FINDINGS: <br />In 2015, PERF worked in partnership with <br />the Arlington (Texas) Police Department to <br />evaluate the influence of body cameras on <br />citizen perceptions of procedural justice. <br />The findings were published in their <br />2017 Citizen Perceptions of Body -Worn <br />Cameras: A Randomized Controlled Trial <br />report." They compared two conditions: <br />(1) business as usual and (2) use of body <br />cameras. The 84 participating officers in <br />the study all were trained on the camera <br />implementation but randomly assigned to <br />• Police Body Cameras; What Have We Learned Over Ten Years of Deployment? 1 6 <br />